Although there are many ASTM Fastener Standards, which specify several qualities of materials, they have common foundations. Another major similarity in most ASTM Bolt Standards is that they specify the usage of fasteners depending on what operating temperatures they have to be used in and what their particular application must be. These outlines give a good guideline that is used by the majority of the manufactures of ASTM fasteners in order to satisfy the different industries’ needs. The technical requirements as indicated by these specifications may encompass not just the technology and chemistry of the bolts but also compulsory parameters of testing.
The ASTM standard has a large number of fasteners that have specialized applications. As an example, ASTM stainless steel bolts used in general corrosive applications are under the ASTM F593 specification which incorporates stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs. On the other hand, the ASTM F837 standard includes those socket head cap screws made in both martensitic and austenitic grades of stainless steel. In the case of wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs, ASTM F468 specifications are applicable, and may be made of numerous commercial alloys.
ASTM Specifications
The ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials) standards establish the technical terms of delivery of metallic materials to be applied in conditions of high temperature or high pressure, and other special-purpose applications. The main specification of the bolting materials is:
| ASTM | Details |
|---|---|
| ASTM A193 / A193M – 16 | Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels |
| ASTM A1082 / A1082M – 16 | Standard Specification for High Strength Precipitation Hardening and Duplex Stainless Steel Bolting for Special Purpose Applications |
| ASTM F2281 | Standard Specification for Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs, for Heat Resistance and High Temperature Applications Designation |
| ASTM A1014 / A1014M – 16 | Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening Bolting (UNS N07718) for High Temperature Service |
| ASTM A962 / A962M – 16a | Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep Range |
| ASTM A638 / A638M | Standard Specification for Precipitation Hardening Iron Base Superalloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service |
ASTM Bolts Grades
The ASTM standard classifies the materials into different grades based on their mechanical, chemical composition, and heat treatment. Below are the most commonly used boting grades:
Material Specifications of ASTM Fastener
ASTM fasteners are manufactured using specific raw materials and processes, dictated by the intended application:
| Standards | Designation |
|---|---|
| ASTM | A193, A194, F436, F468, F467, F593, F594 |
| Thread Requirements | ASME B1.1, UNC & UNF, Class 2A (Fastenal will inspect and accept parts with a 1A no-go gauge) |
| Manufacturing Process | Wire Drawing, Cold Heading, Insert tapping, Heat Treatment, Surface Plating, Inspection, Packing |
| Delivery time | Regular product is about 7-15 days, custom product will according to special requirement |
| Coatings | Black Oxide, Cadmium, Galvanized, Teflon, Xylan, Zinc, Others Upon Request |
| Head | Hex, Square, Round, Hex flange, Flat, T-head & Triangular etc |
| Neck type | Hex, Square, Triangular, Oval & Knurled etc |
| Dimensions | ASME B18.2.1, B18.3 |
| Melt Origin | East Europe/South America/Korea/Japan |
| Product Origin | Made in India |
| Threads Configuration | ASME B1.1 2A/3A Inch Unified Threads and B1.13M 6h Metric Coarse Threads |
| Certification | Dual Certified As per ASTM & ASME Codes |
| Additional Certifications | PED 97/23/EC Certified, Merkblatt AD 2000 W2 Certified |
| Coatings | Black Oxide, Cadmium, Galvanized, Teflon, Xylan, Zinc, Others Upon Request |
| Mandatory Requirements | Free from Mercury & Radioactive Contamination |
| Additional Requirements | NACE MR0103 / MR0175 / ISO 15156 Compliance |
| Samples | Yes |
| Payment Terms | T/T, Paypal, Western Union, L/C or Trade Assurance 30% deposit & balance before shipping |
Size Chart of ASTM Bolts
The following table provides the standard nominal sizes and corresponding wrench sizes for various bolt types:
| Nominal Basic | Size or Screw | Body | D Diameter | Head | A Diameter | Head | H Height | $ Head Side Height | J Hex Socket Size | T Key Engagmt | G Wall Thkns | K Chamfer or Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diameter | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Nominal | Min | Min | Max | |
| 0 | 0.0600 | 0.0600 | 0.0568 | 0.096 | 0.091 | 0.060 | 0.057 | 0.054 | 0.050 | 0.025 | 0.020 | 0.003 |
| 1 | 0.0730 | 0.0730 | 0.0695 | 0.118 | 0.112 | 0.073 | 0.070 | 0.066 | 1/16 0.062 | 0.031 | 0.025 | 0.003 |
| 2 | 0.0860 | 0.0860 | 0.0822 | 0.140 | 0.134 | 0.086 | 0.083 | 0.077 | 5/64 0.078 | 0.038 | 0.029 | 0.003 |
| 3 | 0.0990 | 0.0990 | 0.0949 | 0.161 | 0.154 | 0.099 | 0.095 | 0.089 | 5/64 0.078 | 0.044 | 0.034 | 0.003 |
| 4 | 0.1120 | 0.1120 | 0.1075 | 0.183 | 0.176 | 0.112 | 0.108 | 0.101 | 3/32 0.094 | 0.051 | 0.038 | 0.005 |
| 5 | 0.1250 | 0.1250 | 0.1202 | 0.205 | 0.198 | 0.125 | 0.121 | 0.112 | 3/32 0.094 | 0.057 | 0.043 | 0.005 |
| 6 | 0.1380 | 0.1380 | 0.1329 | 0.226 | 0.218 | 0.138 | 0.134 | 0.124 | 7/64 0.109 | 0.064 | 0.047 | 0.005 |
| 8 | 0.1640 | 0.1640 | 0.1585 | 0.270 | 0.262 | 0.164 | 0.159 | 0.148 | 9/64 0.141 | 0.077 | 0.056 | 0.005 |
| 10 | 0.1900 | 0.1900 | 0.1840 | 0.312 | 0.303 | 0.190 | 0.185 | 0.171 | 5/32 0.156 | 0.090 | 0.065 | 0.005 |
| 1/4 | 0.2500 | 0.2500 | 0.2435 | 0.375 | 0.365 | 0.250 | 0.244 | 0.225 | 3/16 0.188 | 0.120 | 0.095 | 0.008 |
| 5/16 | 0.3125 | 0.3125 | 0.3053 | 0.469 | 0.457 | 0.312 | 0.306 | 0.281 | 1/4 0.250 | 0.151 | 0.119 | 0.008 |
| 3/8 | 0.3750 | 0.3750 | 0.3678 | 0.562 | 0.550 | 0.375 | 0.368 | 0.337 | 5/16 0.312 | 0.182 | 0.143 | 0.008 |
| 7/16 | 0.4375 | 0.4375 | 0.4294 | 0.656 | 0.642 | 0.438 | 0.430 | 0.394 | 3/8 0.375 | 0.213 | 0.166 | 0.010 |
| 1/2 | 0.5000 | 0.5000 | 0.4919 | 0.750 | 0.735 | 0.500 | 0.492 | 0.450 | 3/8 0.375 | 0.245 | 0.190 | 0.010 |
| 5/8 | 0.6250 | 0.6250 | 0.6163 | 0.938 | 0.921 | 0.625 | 0.616 | 0.562 | 1/2 0.500 | 0.307 | 0.238 | 0.010 |
| 3/4 | 0.7500 | 0.7500 | 0.7406 | 1.125 | 1.107 | 0.750 | 0.740 | 0.675 | 5/8 0.625 | 0.370 | 0.285 | 0.010 |
| 7/8 | 0.8750 | 0.8750 | 0.8647 | 1.312 | 1.293 | 0.875 | 0.864 | 0.787 | 3/4 0.750 | 0.432 | 0.333 | 0.015 |
| 1 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 0.9886 | 1.500 | 1.479 | 1.000 | 0.988 | 0.900 | 3/4 0.750 | 0.495 | 0.380 | 0.015 |
| See Notes | 1 | 2,15 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 6 |
Torque Chart of ASTM Bolts
The following table provides the standard nominal sizes and corresponding wrench sizes for various bolt types:
| BOLT DIA |
Torque FT-LBS | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 30% Initial Torque |
70% Torque |
100% Final Torque |
|
| 1/2 | 16 | 36 | 52 |
| 9/16 | 23 | 53 | 75 |
| 5/8 | 31 | 73 | 104 |
| 3/4 | 55 | 129 | 184 |
| 7/8 | 71 | 166 | 237 |
| 1 | 107 | 249 | 356 |
| 1.1/8 | 127 | 297 | 424 |
| 1.1/4 | 179 | 417 | 596 |
| 1.3/8 | 186 | 435 | 622 |
| 1.1/2 | 246 | 574 | 821 |
| 1.9/16 | 168 | 392 | 560 |
| 1.5/8 | 191 | 445 | 636 |
| 1.3/4 | 240 | 561 | 801 |
| 1.7/8 | 298 | 696 | 994 |
| 2 | 366 | 853 | 1219 |
| 2.1/4 | 529 | 1234 | 1762 |
| 2.1/2 | 733 | 1709 | 2442 |
| 2.3/4 | 986 | 2300 | 3285 |
| 3 | 1289 | 3008 | 4297 |
| BOLT DIA |
Torque Nm | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 30% Initial Torque |
70% Torque |
100% Final Torque |
|
| 1/2 | 22 | 49 | 71 |
| 9/16 | 31 | 72 | 102 |
| 5/8 | 42 | 99 | 141 |
| 3/4 | 75 | 175 | 249 |
| 7/8 | 96 | 225 | 321 |
| 1 | 145 | 338 | 483 |
| 1.1/8 | 172 | 403 | 575 |
| 1.1/4 | 243 | 565 | 808 |
| 1.3/8 | 252 | 590 | 843 |
| 1.1/2 | 334 | 778 | 1113 |
| 1.9/16 | 228 | 531 | 759 |
| 1.5/8 | 259 | 603 | 862 |
| 1.3/4 | 325 | 761 | 1086 |
| 1.7/8 | 404 | 944 | 1348 |
| 2 | 496 | 1157 | 1653 |
| 2.1/4 | 717 | 1673 | 2389 |
| 2.1/2 | 994 | 2317 | 3311 |
| 2.3/4 | 1337 | 3118 | 4454 |
| 3 | 1748 | 4078 | 5826 |
Dimensions Chart of ASTM Hex Bolt
The diagram below illustrates the key dimensional measurements for an ASTM Hex Bolt:
| NOMINAL SIZE (D) | BODY DIAMETER | HEAD THICKNEASTM A193 | ACROASTM A193 THE FLATS | ACROASTM A193 CORNERS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D (MAX) | D (MIN) | H (MAX) | H (MIN) | F (MAX) | F (MIN) | C (MAX) | C (MIN) | |
| m10 | 10.00 | 9.78 | 6.63 | 6.17 | 17.00 | 15.73 | 18.48 | 17.77 |
| m12 | 12.00 | 11.73 | 7.76 | 4.24 | 19.00 | 17.73 | 20.78 | 20.03 |
| m14 | 14.00 | 13.73 | 9.09 | 8.51 | 22.00 | 20.67 | 24.25 | 23.35 |
| m16 | 16.00 | 15.73 | 10.32 | 9.68 | 24.00 | 23.67 | 27.71 | 26.75 |
| m20 | 20.00 | 19.67 | 12.88 | 12.12 | 30.00 | 29.16 | 34.64 | 32.95 |
| m24 | 24.00 | 23.67 | 15.44 | 14.56 | 36.00 | 35.00 | 41.57 | 39.55 |
| m30 | 30.00 | 29.67 | 19.48 | 17.92 | 46.00 | 45.00 | 53.12 | 50.85 |
| m36 | 36.00 | 35.61 | 23.38 | 21.63 | 55.00 | 53.80 | 63.51 | 60.79 |
| m42 | 42.00 | 41.38 | 26.97 | 25.03 | 65.00 | 62.90 | 75.06 | 71.71 |
| m48 | 48.00 | 47.38 | 31.07 | 28.93 | 75.00 | 72.60 | 86.60 | 82.76 |
| m56 | 56.00 | 55.26 | 36.2 | 33.80 | 85.00 | 82.20 | 98.15 | 93.71 |
| m64 | 64.00 | 63.26 | 41.32 | 38.68 | 95.00 | 91.80 | 109.70 | 104.65 |
| m72 | 72.00 | 71.26 | 46.45 | 43.55 | 105.00 | 101.40 | 121.24 | 115.60 |
| m80 | 80.00 | 79.26 | 51.58 | 48.42 | 115.00 | 111.00 | 132.72 | 126.54 |
| m90 | 90.00 | 89.13 | 57.74 | 54.26 | 130.00 | 125.50 | 150.11 | 143.07 |
| m100 | 90.00 | 99.13 | 63.9 | 60.10 | 145.00 | 140.00 | 167.43 | 159.60 |
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