Fastener standards define the mechanical, dimensional and performance requirements that ensure bolts, nuts and industrial fasteners perform reliably under real-world operating conditions. From pressure vessels and pipelines to structural steel and heavy machinery, standardized fasteners play a critical role in safety, interchangeability, and long-term service life.
Jade Alloys produce and supply fasteners that follow the internationally recognised ASTM, ASME, DIN, ISO, BS and IS standards with engineering specifications, project drawings and worldwide procurement standards.
This page provides a comprehensive reference hub for bolt standards, nut standards and washer standards, helping engineers, contractors, and buyers understand how different DIN standards, ISO standards, ASME standards and ASTM standards apply to bolts, nuts, and threaded fasteners used across industrial applications. For material chemistry and mechanical property specifications rather than dimensional standards, see our companion Specifications hub.
ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ANSI and ASME guidelines are closely aligned with American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) fastener standards. ASME standards are similar to ASTM in chemical and mechanical property requirements, and are normally preceded by an “S” – for example, ASME SA-193 is analogous to ASTM A193. Some ASME standards concern dimensional specifications and are typically referenced on engineering drawings to indicate fastener type, similar to ANSI standards.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASME B18.2.1 | Dimension | Square and hex bolts and screws, hex cap screws, inch series |
| ASME B18.6.4 | Metric Dimension | Metric fasteners for use in structural applications – heavy hex structural bolts |
| ASME B18.1.1 | Dimension | Small solid rivets, full-threaded stud bolt dimensions |
| ASME B1.1 | Dimension | Unified inch screw threads (UN, UNR, and UNJ thread forms) |
| ASME B18.2.3.1M | Metric Dimension | Metric hex cap screws |
| ASME B18.2.3.6M | Metric Dimension | Metric heavy hex bolts |
| ASME B18.2.3.7M | Metric Dimension | Metric heavy hex structural bolts |
| ASME B18.31.2 | Dimension | Continuous double-end and flange stud bolts |
| ASME B18.31.3 | Dimension | Threaded rods, inch series |
| ASME B18.31.5 | Dimension | U-bolts, eyebolts, and hook bolts |
| ASME B18.2.6 | Dimension | Heavy hex structural bolts, aligned with ASTM F3125/F3125M |
| ASME B16.5 | Dimension | Pipe flanges and flanged fittings – governs flange stud bolting |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASME B18.2.2 | Dimension | Square and hex nuts, inch series – normal and heavy series |
| ASME B18.6.4M | Metric Dimension | Metric heavy hex nuts for use with structural bolting |
| ASME B18.16.3M | Metric Dimension | Prevailing-torque metric hex nuts and hex flange nuts |
| ASME B18.2.4.4M | Metric Dimension | Metric slotted hex nuts and hex flange nuts |
| ASME B18.16.4 | Dimension | Serrated flange locknuts and large serrated flange locknuts |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASME B18.22M | Metric Dimension | Metric plain washers |
| ASME B18.6.4M | Metric Dimension | Metric hardened steel circular and clipped washers |
| ASME B18.21.1 | Dimension | Helical spring lock washers and internal/external tooth lock washers |
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials
ASTM International, initially known as the American Society for Testing and Materials, is an international standards organization that publishes voluntary consensus-driven technical standards for a wide variety of products, materials, systems, and services. Full grade-level chemistry and mechanical property tables for each specification below are available on our Specifications hub.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A193 | Mechanical Properties | Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high-temperature or high-pressure service |
| ASTM A307 | Mechanical Properties | Carbon steel bolts and studs, 60,000 psi minimum tensile strength |
| ASTM A320 | Mechanical Properties | Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low-temperature service |
| ASTM A325 | Mechanical Properties | Structural bolts, steel, heat treated, 120/105 ksi minimum tensile strength – replaced by ASTM F3125 |
| ASTM A354 | Mechanical Properties | Quenched and tempered alloy steel bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners |
| ASTM A449 | Mechanical Properties | Quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs for general use |
| ASTM A490 | Mechanical Properties | Structural bolts, alloy steel, heat treated, 150 ksi minimum tensile strength – replaced by ASTM F3125 |
| ASTM A453 | Mechanical Properties | Stainless and alloy-steel turbine-type bolting specially heat treated for high-temperature service |
| ASTM F593 | Mechanical Properties | Stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs |
| ASTM F1554 | Mechanical Properties | Anchor bolts designed to anchor structural supports to concrete foundations |
| ASTM F3125 | Mechanical Properties | Unified structural bolt specification replacing A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852, and F2280 |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A194 | Mechanical Properties | Carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts used in high-pressure and high-temperature service |
| ASTM A563 | Mechanical Properties | Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts |
| ASTM F594 | Mechanical Properties | Stainless steel nuts, the standard companion to F593 bolts |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM F436 | Mechanical Properties | Hardened steel washers, inch and metric dimensions |
| ASTM F844 | Mechanical Properties | Unhardened, general-purpose, flat washers |
| ASTM F959 | Mechanical Properties | Compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) |
BS - British Standards
British fastener standards were formally withdrawn some time ago, but remain widely referenced across the fastener industry in their aftermath. Although ISO and EN standards were intended to take over from British standards, in practice the German DIN standards have become the de facto standard in much of the international fastener market.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| BS 3692 | Dimension | ISO metric precision hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts – specification, Product Grades A and B |
| BS 1083 | Dimension | Precision hexagon bolts and screws with British Standard (BSW/BSF) threads |
| BS 4168 | Dimension | Metric precision hexagon bolts, screws, and nuts |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| BS 3692 | Dimension | ISO metric precision hexagon nuts – specification, Product Grades A and B |
| BS 1083 | Dimension | Precision hexagon nuts with British Standard (BSW/BSF) threads |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| BS 4320 | Dimension | Basic dimensions for metal washers for general engineering purposes |
DIN - Deutsches Institut fur Normung
DIN stands for Deutsches Institut fur Normung (German Institute for Standardization). International and European standards have progressively replaced many national DIN standards; nevertheless, DIN standards remain in active use for products that currently lack an equivalent ISO or EN standard. DIN standards prefixed “DIN V” (Vornorm, or pre-standard) are drafts or early-stage standards that have not yet completed full standardization. See our dedicated DIN 933, DIN 934, and DIN 125 pages for full dimensional size charts.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DIN 14399-4 | Dimension | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 4: System HV, hexagon bolt |
| DIN 6914 | Dimension | High-strength hexagon bolts for structural steel bolting |
| DIN 931 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts, partial thread |
| DIN 933 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts, full thread |
| DIN 2510-5 | Dimension | Reduced-shank stud bolts, Type L |
| DIN 976 | Dimension | Metric threaded rods (studding) |
| DIN 975 | Dimension | Threaded rods, coarse and fine pitch |
| DIN 601 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts with shank, product grade C |
| DIN 603 | Dimension | Carriage bolts (mushroom head square neck bolts) |
| DIN 912 | Dimension | Hexagon socket head cap screws |
| DIN 444 | Dimension | Eye bolts, Type A and Type B |
| DIN 580 | Dimension | Lifting eye bolts |
| DIN 529 | Dimension | Anchor bolts for structural anchorage |
| DIN 7991 | Dimension | Hexagon socket countersunk head cap screws |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DIN 14399-4 | Dimension | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading – Part 4: System HV, hex nut |
| DIN 6915 | Dimension | Steel hexagon nuts with large width across flats for high-strength structural bolting |
| DIN 934 | Dimension | Hexagon nuts, Style 1, product grades A and B |
| DIN 439 | Dimension | Hexagon thin nuts (jam nuts), product grades A and B |
| DIN 985 | Dimension | Prevailing torque hexagon nuts with nylon insert (nylock nuts) |
| DIN 6923 | Dimension | Hexagon flange nuts with serrations |
| DIN 315 | Dimension | Wing nuts with rectangular wings |
| DIN 508 | Dimension | T-slot nuts for machine tool tables |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DIN 14399-5 | Dimension | Plain washers for structural bolting assemblies |
| DIN 14399-6 | Dimension | Plain chamfered washers for structural bolting assemblies |
| DIN 125 | Dimension | Plain washers, Form A |
| DIN 127 | Dimension | Spring lock washers, Form A and Form B |
| DIN 6918 | Dimension | Round washers for high-strength structural steel bolting |
| DIN 434 | Dimension | Square taper washers for U-sections |
| DIN 436 | Dimension | Square washers for timber construction |
DASt - Deutscher Ausschuss fur Stahlbau
DASt (Deutscher Ausschuss fur Stahlbau – German Committee for Steel Construction) standards are commonly used for high-strength structural bolting assemblies intended for heavy-duty preloaded connections, covering bolt property classes 8.8 and 10.9 in the System HV (hexagon) configuration.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DASt-Richtlinie 021 | Dimension | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading, System HV – hexagon bolt |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DASt-Richtlinie 021 | Dimension | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading, System HV – hexagon nut |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| DASt-Richtlinie 021 | Dimension | High-strength structural bolting assemblies for preloading, System HV – washer |
IS - Bureau of Indian Standards
IS is the National Standards Body of India, established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016, to secure the coordinated development of standardization, marking, and quality certification of goods. Through standardization, certification, and testing initiatives, IS delivers quantifiable benefits to the national economy: safe and reliable products, lower health risks to consumers, growth in exports and import substitution, and an increase in the number of product varieties available.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| IS 3757 | Mechanical Properties | High-strength structural bolts |
| IS 1367 (Part 3) | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel – bolts, screws, and studs |
| IS 1364 (Part 1) | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts, product grades A and B |
| IS 6639 | Dimension | Hexagon bolts for steel structures |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| IS 1367 (Part 6) | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of fasteners – nuts with specified proof loads |
| IS 1363 (Part 3) | Dimension | Hexagon nuts, product grades A and B |
| IS 1364 (Part 3) | Dimension | Hexagon thin nuts (jam nuts) |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| IS 2016 | Dimension | Plain washers |
| IS 1862 | Dimension | Steel washers |
ISO - International Organization for Standardization
ISO publishes a wide range of product standards for external hexagon-driven fasteners. Bolts with hexagon heads are defined by ISO 4014, ISO 4015, ISO 4016, and ISO 8765; hexagon-head screws without a shank are defined by ISO 4017, ISO 4018, and ISO 8676. See our dedicated ISO 4014 and ISO 4032 pages for full dimensional size charts.
Bolt Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 4014 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts, partial thread, product grades A and B |
| ISO 4017 | Dimension | Hexagon head screws (full thread), product grades A and B |
| ISO 4016 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts, partial thread, product grade C |
| ISO 4018 | Dimension | Hexagon head screws, full thread, product grade C |
| ISO 8765 | Dimension | Hexagon head bolts with metric fine pitch thread |
| ISO 898-1 | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of carbon steel and alloy steel bolts, screws, and studs |
| ISO 3506-1 | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel bolts, screws, and studs |
| ISO 8676 | Dimension | Hexagon head screws with metric fine pitch thread, product grades A and B |
| ISO 4762 | Dimension | Hexagon socket head cap screws |
| ISO 7380 | Dimension | Hexagon socket button head screws |
Nut Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 4032 | Dimension | Hexagon nuts, Style 1, product grades A and B |
| ISO 4033 | Dimension | Hexagon nuts, Style 2, product grades A and B |
| ISO 4034 | Dimension | Hexagon nuts, product grade C |
| ISO 898-2 | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of nuts with specified proof loads – coarse thread and fine pitch thread |
| ISO 3506-2 | Mechanical Properties | Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless steel nuts |
| ISO 7042 | Dimension | Prevailing torque all-metal hexagon nuts |
| ISO 10511 | Dimension | Prevailing torque hexagon thin nuts (with non-metallic insert) |
Washer Standard
| Standard | Dimension / Properties | Details |
|---|---|---|
| ISO 7089 | Dimension | Plain washers, normal series, product grade A |
| ISO 7091 | Dimension | Plain washers, chamfered, normal series, product grade A |
| ISO 7090 | Dimension | Plain washers, chamfered, normal series, product grade A (metric fastener range) |
| ISO 7092 | Dimension | Plain washers, small series, product grade A |
| ISO 7093 | Dimension | Plain washers, large series, product grade A/C |
| ISO 7094 | Dimension | Plain washers, extra-large series |
Understanding Fastener Property Classes
Alongside dimensional standards, bolts and nuts are marked with a property class (also called a grade) that defines mechanical strength. Understanding this system helps in cross-referencing metric and inch fasteners:
Metric Property Classes (ISO 898-1)
Metric bolt property classes use a two-number system, such as 8.8, 10.9, or 12.9, marked on the bolt head:
- The first number is 1/100th of the nominal tensile strength in MPa – for example, “10” indicates 1000 MPa minimum tensile strength
- The second number is 10x the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength – for example, “.9” indicates a yield strength approximately 90% of tensile strength
- A Class 8.8 bolt therefore has approximately 800 MPa tensile strength and 640 MPa yield strength
Inch (SAE) Property Grades
Inch-series bolts commonly reference SAE J429 Grades 2, 5, and 8, or specific ASTM material specifications such as A193 and A320 that designate materials by application (high-temperature, low-temperature, corrosive service) rather than a numeric grade alone.
Thread Series
Metric threads follow ISO 68-1 and are designated “M” followed by nominal diameter and pitch (e.g., M12 x 1.75 coarse, M12 x 1.25 fine). Inch threads follow the Unified Thread Standard: UNC (Unified National Coarse) for general use, UNF (Unified National Fine) for higher-strength and vibration-resistant applications, and 8-UN, an 8-threads-per-inch series used specifically in heavy bolting to ASTM A193 for diameters above 1 inch.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the difference between a fastener standard and a fastener specification?
2. Should I specify DIN or ISO fastener standards?
3. What does a fastener property class like 8.8 or 10.9 mean?
4. Do ASME and ASTM fastener standards cover the same things?
How to Select the Right Fastener Standard
When choosing fastener standards for a project, consider:
- Operating temperature and pressure
- Load requirements (static or dynamic)
- Environmental exposure (corrosion, moisture, chemicals)
- Applicable codes and customer specifications
- Compatibility with mating components
Our technical team assists customers in selecting the correct standard and grade combination to ensure compliance and long-term performance.
Why Jade Alloys for Standard-Compliant Fasteners?
- Manufacturing strictly per ASTM, ASME, DIN, ISO, BS, and IS standards
- Complete traceability with mill test certificates (MTCs) and inspection reports
- In-house inspection with third-party inspection support (Lloyd’s, DNV, Bureau Veritas)
- Supply for domestic and international EPC projects
- Expertise across bolts, nuts, washers, and specialty fasteners
Need help selecting the right fastener standard and grade for your project? Contact our technical team or browse our full Specifications hub.
